Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex belong to which category?

• A. Steroid hormones
• B. Nonsteroid hormones
• C. Peptide hormones
• D. Amine hormones

Answer: (A)

Adrenal cortex hormones are steroid hormones because they are derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble. The cortex makes corticosteroids such as cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenal androgens, all formed from cholesterol. Their lipid solubility allows them to cross cell membranes and bind intracellular receptors, where they regulate gene transcription to produce long-lasting effects. This differs from nonsteroid hormones, which are typically peptide or amine hormones that are water-soluble and bind to receptors on the cell surface to trigger rapid signaling. (The catecholamines come from the adrenal medulla and are amines, not steroids.)